Heparin is a naturally occurring polysaccharide. When it binds with antithrombin, a protein within blood, the heparin antithrombin complex alters many clotting factors and reactions. Unfractionated heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant during Cardiac Surgeries (CTVS) like CABG, Cardiopulmonary bypass surgeries & Heart Valve Surgeries. It is also used in Cath Lab for Interventional Procedures like PTCA (Angiioplasty), Angiography, etc and in Intensive Care Units (ICU & CCU) or Renal Dialysis, etc.
Heparin affects the clot formation process in multiple ways. Significant effects on clot development are: higher heparin concentrations prolong the Coagulation Reaction Phase, increasing the ACT (Activated Clotting Time) result, and prolong the Clot Formation Phase.
Proper dosing of heparin during treatment improves patient outcomes since under administration elevates the risk of forming unwanted blood clots, and over-administration elevates the risk of bleeding. Heparin is metabolized. In order to maintain desired therapeutic heparin concentrations, heparin must be re-administrated periodically during CTVS surgery or Cath Lab Procedures or ICU / CCU or Renal Dialysis, etc. Accurate heparin dosing requires heparin monitoring to guide heparin re-administration.
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